Motion Coherence and Luminance Effects

Motion Coherence and Luminance Effects Jamie Nourzad   Motion Coherence and Luminance Effects on Visual Evoked Potentials The electroencephalogram (EEG) as described by David Eagleman and Jonathan Downar (2016), is a device designed to measure and record brain wave patterns, and was originally designed for evaluating brain activity of epileptic and brain damaged patients (p. 312). The current study is a replication of Kubova, Kuba, Spekreijse, and Blakemores 1995 study utilizing the EEG to measure the effects of coherence and luminance on motion-onset visual evoked potentials (VEPs). The two independent variables looked at in this study were motion coherence (100% coherent and 1% coherent), and luminance (dim vs bright). The hypotheses were (a.) coherence should affect the amplitude of the N2 peak; specifically, that low coherence should result in a higher peak amplitude, and (b.) luminance (brightness) should affect the latency; specifically, that low luminance should delay the peak. Methods Participants The study participants were Kennesaw State University (KSU) student volunteers from three sections of PSYC 4410. Participants were offered course extra credit of 25 points to take part in the study. Student participants served as both subjects and research assistants. There was no selection criterion for the subjects. The participants serving as research assistants administered the electroencephalogram (EEG) on the subjects (n = 16) in Dr. Tim Martins lab at KSU, under direct supervision of Dr. Martin. Recording and Procedure VEPs were recorded with a 40-channel NuAmps amplifier with the filter set at 0.03 200 Hz, the sampling rate set at 500 Hz, and with linked earlobe reference. Participant subjects and research assistants met for scheduled sessions in Dr. Martins lab. Research assistants applied the EEG cap, gel, and electrodes to the subjects. Subjects were given instructions to look at computer generated stimuli: 400 trials (100 per condition) of 500 moving dots (each 0.02 ° of visual angle in size). Stimuli were presented in viewing aperture 5 ° across. Duration was 500 ms, inter-trial interval 500-2000 ms; randomly varied, using uniform distribution. The subjects were asked to perform small mechanical manipulations on the computer keyboard in response to the visual stimuli. The EEG data was processed by using a low pass filter at 45 Hz. The bad epochs were removed from the data, and all blink artifacts were removed with independent components analysis. Results Results successfully replicated earlier findings (Bach, M., Ullrich, D., 1997; Kubova et al., 1995) showing a clear effect of coherence for dim stimuli on amplitude, but there was no apparent effect of coherence for the bright stimuli. See Figure 1. Discussion Analysis of VEPs serves as a tool in detecting various abnormalities that may involve the visual pathways, such as epilepsy and other brain dysfunctions. Implications of the results of this study support previous research providing evidence that there are various neural mechanisms involved in motion-related VEPs that expand beyond the primary visual cortex (Bach, M., Ullrich, D., 1997; Braddick, O.J., OBrien, J.M.D., Wattam-Bell, J., Atkinson, J., Hartley, T., Turner, R., 2001; Kubova et al., 1995). The hypotheses that low coherence would result in a higher N2 peak amplitude was confirmed. Potential confounders to the study would be research assistant inexperience, as well as the inability to control for both internal and external noise, which could degrade the recordings (Jackson, A.F., Bolger, D.J., 2014). References Bach, M., Ullrich, D. (1997). Contrast dependency of motion-onset and pattern-reversal VEPs: Interaction of stimulus type, recording site, and response component. Vision Research, 37, 1845-1849. Braddick, O.J., OBrien, J.M.D., Wattam-Bell, J., Atkinson, J., Hartley, T., Turner, R. (2001). Brain areas sensitive to coherent visual motion. Perception, 30, 61-72. Eagleman, D., Downar, J. (2015). Brain and Behavior: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective. Oxford University Press. Jackson, A.F., Bolger, D.J. (2014). The neurophysiological bases of EEG and EEG measurement: A review for the rest of us. Psychophysiology, 51, 1061-1071. Kubova, Z., Kuba, M., Spekreijse, H., Blakemore, C. (1995). Contrast dependence of motion-onset and patter-reversal evoked potentials. Vision Research, 35, 197-205. Figure 1. Coherence for dim and bright stimulus on amplitude.      

Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights Essay

Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontes only novel, published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. Wuthering Heights is the name of the manor around which the story centers. Wuthering is also a Yorkshire word which refers to turbulent weather. The novel tells the account of the sweeping and fanatical love between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, and how this unresolved obsession ultimately destroys them and others around them. The character I chose was that of Heathcliffs, around whom the story centers. The first paragraph of the novel provides a vivid picture of him, as Lockwood describes meeting him; â€Å"A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still further in his waistcoat.. †. (Bronte). The novel begins with his introduction into the Earnshaw family, his revengeful scheming drives the whole plot, and his death ends the book. The want to understand his complicated character and his vengeful motivations has kept incalculable readers engaged in the novels since its inception in the literary world. Bronte spun a complex Heathcliff who defies being understood, and the charm of this multifaceted character has fascinated readers and will continue to do so evermore. The novel torments the reader with the likelihood that Heathcliff is something other than what he seems – that his malice is simply an expression of unrequited love for Catherine, or that his menacing behavior serves to hide the soul of passionate hero. However, his malice proves so great and long-lasting that it cannot be sufficiently explained even as a desire for vengeance against Hindley, Catherine, Edgar, etc. As he himself points out in the novel, his mistreatment of Isabella is purely sadistic, as he amuses himself how much cruelty she can take and still comes back for more. Critic Joyce Carol argues that Emily Bronte does the same thing to the reader that Heathcliff does to Isabella, testing to see how many times the reader can be shocked by Heathcliff’s unwarranted violence and still, masochistically, insist on seeing him as a romantic hero. (Oates 48). Heathcliff arrived in the Earnshaw family by mere chance. Mr. Earnshaw found a boy who looked like a gypsy and had been apparently deserted on the streets of Liverpool. He brought the child home to join his own family and named him after his son who had died. All the members of the household were opposed to the introduction of the strange boy, in particular the Earnshaw children, who detested the darked-skinned Heathcliff. But Catherine quickly comes to love Heathcliff, and they become inseparable, spending many a day playing on the moors. After his wife’s death, Mr. Earnshaw begins to love Heathcliff to his own son, and when Hindley persists his cruelty to Heathcliff, Mr Earnshaw sends Hindley away to college, keeping Heathcliff nearby. Three years later, Hindley returns home after his father’s death to inherit Wuthering Heights and brings a wife with him. Hindley seeks revenge on Heathcliff. Heathcliff then finds himself treated as a common labourer, forced to work in the fields. Heathcliff leaves Wuthering Heights, staying away for three years, and returns shortly after Catherine and Edgar’s marriage. When he returns, he immediately sets about seeking revenge on all who wronged him. He lends large amounts of money to the drunken Hindley, knowing that Hindley will increase his debts and fall into deeper despondency. When Hindley dies, Heathcliff inherits the manor. He also places himself in line to inherit Thrushcross Grange by marrying Isabella Linton, who he treats very cruelly. Catherine gets ill, gives birth to a daughter, and dies. Isabella flees to London and gives birth to Heathcliff’s son, named Linton after her family. Isabella dies thirteen years later, and Linton comes to live with his father, who treats his sickly, whining son even more cruelly than he treated his mother. Three years later, young Catherine meets Heathcliff on the moors, and makes a visit to Wuthering Heights to meet Linton. She and Linton begin a secret romance, but it soon becomes evident that Linton is pursuing Catherine only because Heathcliff is forcing him. Heathcliff forces Catherine to marry Linton, who dies very shortly afterwards. Edgar is also dead. Catherine is forced to live as a common servant at Wuthering Heights, while Thrushcross Grange is rented to Mr. Loockwood. Although Catherine originally mocked Hareton’s ignorance and illiteracy (in an act of retribution, Heathcliff ended Hareton’s education after Hindley died), Catherine grows to love Hareton as they live together at Wuthering Heights.. Heathcliff becomes more and more obsessed with the memory of the elder Catherine, to the extent that he begins speaking to the ghost. Everything reminds of her. Shortly after a night spent walking on the moors, Heathcliff dies. Hareton and Catherine plan to be married, and they inherit Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange after Heathcliff’s death. The most hauntingly beautiful aspect about this novel is the extent of Heathcliffs love for Catherine even after her rejection of him (although she professed ever-lasting love) by marrying Edger. His love survives the rejection and continues undaunted. His loyalty to her is unwavering in spite of the emotional rejection. When Catherine falls ill, he exclaims that life without her would be hell. Her death kills his love for her and he focuses his existence on exacting revenge. His thwarted passion converts into an obsession for destruction and revenge. The love that Catherine and Heathcliff share is not mere romantic love; nor is it based on physical attraction. It is a coming together of souls, as they professed to be soul-mates. Heathcliffs motivations and brutality can be understood to some extent when one brings into consideration the cruelty he had to endure as a child at the hands of the superior richer classes. He becomes persistent, and anti social to protect himself from the humiliation suffered in his earlier years. He is the incarnation of pauperization masses rejected by the system as human refuse; and his revenge can be seen as that of accumulated class hatred which brings down members of the privileged social class. He was only a child when he wished to avenge Hindley; ‘I’m trying to settle how I shall pay Hindley back. I don’t care how long I wait, if I can only do it last. I hope he will not die before I do it. ’ (Bronte 64). The root of his bitterness is the consequences of the actions of the adults towards him. The recollection of the humiliation which he experience in his childhood left a devastating effect on him, impressed upon his soul like a heated iron; the undeserving spanking from Hindley and the contempt of the Lintons who exclaimed that there was no place for a gypsy in a decent house. Their daughter Isabelle, whom he later married, detested him and suggested to her father to throw him into the basement, while Edgar compared his hair to the mane of a horse. But the cruelest were Catherine’s words: ‘It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Bronte 80) The basic motivation of Heathcliff’s actions has a social background. From the beginning of the novel and most likely from the beginning of his life, he has endured rejection and pain. When he is brought to Wuthering Heights by Mr. Earnshaw, he is viewed as a thing rather than a child. The subject of revenge is so important in Wuthering Heights that it is compared to a renaissance tragedy of revenge: Admiration provoked by such a creature fascinates imagination and we are almost terrified by this creature, but still, he was added a trait of kindness which will make us feel compassion, almost respect. (Kovacevic, p. 268 ). Heathcliff’s character is emotionally explicable; from the first memories of Nelly Dean, his portrait was built in front of the reader. He was a sullen, patient child; hardened, perhaps, to ill-treatment: he would stand Hindley’s blows without winking or shedding a tear. Heathcliff’s revenge occupies the biggest part of the book. His hatred takes on sick proportions and includes even his own son Linton and Catherine’s daughter. His cruelty and embitterers were necessary to Emily Bronte so that his infatuation could be exaggerated to incredible proportions. In spite of that, Heathcliff doesn’t seem to be a man lacking a conscience or a pathological sadist. At the end of the novel, when Heathcliff’s revenge has subsided in the sequence of crimes, he suffered most: after Catherine’s death he is left without his life’s goal, unhappy, and wished for spiritual peace which only her grave could give him. ? Works Cited Bronte, Emily, Wuthering Heights, 1847. Kovacevic, I. Istorija Engleske, Wuthering Heights, a Selection of Critical Essays. Beograd, 1979. Oates, Carol, The Magnanimity of Wuthering Heights, Originally published in Critical Inquiry, Winter 1983. Reprinted in The Profane Art : Essays and Reviews.

The Influential Person Essay Samples Middle School Chronicles

The Influential Person Essay Samples Middle School Chronicles The Influential Person Essay Samples Middle School Cover Up You will discover people with more money indulging in dangerous activities attempting to fill the void they can't explain. As a consequence, you get a terrific deal of free time and completed homework. A young person has the ability to act distinctively outside their companion bunch than inside it. Whereas some people today use said social media networks as a means to keep updated on the Activities family and friends. Public high schools have their very own fair share of issues and in the event the student isn't careful, they could wind up in a massive mess. It's given as a typical school assignment and an important part in an examination collection. Making the completion of private finance coursework a requirement for graduation would guarantee that young folks are at least aware of the fundamentals of keeping a financial stability. While attempting to learn how to compose a persuasive essay step-by-step, students forget about another important activity. You must find the most suitable resources for your essay and patience when finding the proper inspiration to write. There are those who believe that the more income that you have, the happier you are. Make the most of the copies you receive and remember to bring a couple of minutes for a one-on-one discussion to go over each of the elements of a well-written paper. There are many persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. The Fundamentals of Influential Person Essay Samples Middle School Revealed This essay is dealing with the a variety of pros and cons of selecting an inexpensive essay support. Thus selecting an expert for doing your essays could be the most suitable selection. Pros of selecting a low-cost essay service Availability Everywhere on the web, you can get one or other essay services. Summary Hiring an affordable essay service may be suitable alternative for students at one time crunch. Understanding Influential Person Essay Samples Middle School By doing this, you will be in a position to know for sure what your essay is all about before devising your thesis. Writing a high school essay if you've got the tips about how to do essay effectively. It's important to define such an academic essay correctly to learn how to compose a persuasive essay. It's also referred to as argumentative essay. While there isn't any one correct approach to compose these essays, this page will show you some fantastic practices to think about when learning how to compose a persuasive essay. A terrific means of learning how properly compose an informative essay is to discover a good example. These examples can explain how to compose an impressive essay, and the way to use proper transitions to continue to keep your story on track. You may discover narrative essay examples wherever you locate a very good story. High school essays are structured very similarly irrespective of the topic and superior essay structure will allow you to compose a very clear essay that flows from 1 paragraph to the next. There's quite a few essays completed by them. High school essay examples incorporate a selection of short essays like narrative, persuasive and analytical. A great instance of a question a parent could possibly be asked is the way the parent thinks their little one will add to the school. Fully being a happy high school student wouldn't be possible without my family members. Some feel parents ought to be allowed to provide permission for their minor children to have tattoos, because they are making the decision for their own children. It is very important to be aware that perfect' relationships aren't always present and can't always be done between twins. The Basic Facts of Influential Person Essay Samples Middle School Money satisfies the bodily needs of the individual, but people want to realize that happiness isn't physical. You cannot get the feelings the individual has for you. After a time, the individual gets bored and looks for different things. Some relatively trustworthy folks failing honesty. Influential Person Essay Samples Middle School Options Make certain to read your essay and make certain it is logical. The simplest approach to compose an excellent persuasive essay is to chose a topic you're confident in. A persuasive essay has to be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. The very best persuasive short essays often concentrate on controversial problems. The success of the entire essay directly depends upon how good you present the supporting facts. As soon as you settle on the subject and select the position on which you will base your essay, the remainder of the job can then begin. All essays will have a certain topic that's either one you choose or one which is provided for you. There's no ideal solution about how to compose an effective essay. Top Choices of Influential Person Essay Samples Middle School The introductory paragraph is perhaps the most significant paragraph in the essay since it is the very first and possibly last opportunity to generate an effect on the reader. The main aspect which creates a persuasive essay in English stand out from the remainder of assignments is the use of reasoning. The simplest approach to set the sort of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. The main portion of a brief essay is known as the body. Students shouldn't have to wear school uniforms since they limit studen ts' capacity to share their individuality. They have to write essays depending on the teacher's instructions or their desired style in writing. High school students must compose essays on a number of topics which at first may appear to have nothing in common. High school, college, and sometimes even university students from all around the world are writing persuasive essays.

Black Boys And Girls Holding Hands With Little Brown Vs....

After today, the education system in America will never be the same. Today marks May 17, 1954 and just moments ago the Supreme Court announced a mind-boggling court decision that has altered history forever. Little nine-year-old Linda Brown just won her case in the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas ruling. The Supreme Court just confirmed that segregation in schools is now unconstitutional under the law. Dr. King’s dream of â€Å"little black boys and girls holding hands with little white boys and girls† is now a promising reality for children across America. The laws that once denied colored children and white children from co-learning were no longer allowed to legally stand after May 17, 1954. However, it is currently 2016, approximately sixty-two years after segregation in schools as unconstitutional, yet schools are still significantly segregated. Even though African American students are no longer legally bound to a learning institution separated from whites, a divide is still evidently present. It is not just litigation that keeps diversity out of public schools, but it is also the effects of a non-seizing cycle between economics, education, and environment that ultimately keeps American schools segregated. Contemporary segregation begins with the influence of education on economics and every-day life. Capital is typically gained through employment opportunities, and employment is typically given to candidates who hold degrees from pursuing higher education.Show MoreRelatedPreschool Observation2553 Words   |  11 Pageschildren ride the tricycles. There are six tricycles but they were not out for use on the day that I observed. Inside there are many areas for playing and learning. 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A Report On The Police Agency - 811 Words

INTRODUCTION: â€Å"PROTECT AND SERVE† is the slogan for most if not all police agencies across this country. When determining the most effective route to use when making a decision on the police response when they are needed the most, the police’s dispatch unit of officers have that important option in the conduct of their job. Examining whether or not to respond or to what call to respond to should not be determined by the location of the call for service, nor by the local government’s administrative officials. There are many ways that the police, fire, EMT, services are utilized for non-emergency calls when those calls should be prioritized in order to not have a unit available ready for the emergency call. Some of the inbound calls are†¦show more content†¦Domestic disturbance, loitering, traffic lights not working properly are some of the non-violent calls, aggravated assault, assault, robbery, shots fired and murder are some of the violent type of calls the police answers. While calls for service are predominantly non-violent in nature and often non-emergency, the police spend most of their working hours directing traffic or maybe being a referee in a domestic situation and very little with emergency violent calls for service. â€Å"Violent crimes, the problem most feared by the average citizen, engendered only 2 percent of citizen calls to police† (Antunes, 1981). There are ways ensure that most all calls for service will get the attention that it deserves at the most appropriate time in a timely manner. The protocols that are in place to navigate away from not having an officer available when needed, are now in place and only can be utilized by the departments dispatch unit. Deciphering which call need an immediate response, or that a delay in response can be applied (due to other emergency situation in progress) or that a non-response with a phone interview can be sufficient in the situation. 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The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) have purposes and various weaknesses in relations to one another. There are major roles of policing executives using the Mintzberg model of chief executive officers. There are certain keys that are important toward a chief executive officer’s success. There are two legislativeRead MorePolice Department And The Department s Records Management System909 Words   |  4 PagesThe Brownwood (Texas) Police Department must show efficiency in the ability to collect, examine, and compare a significant amount of information in order to understand crime issues that affect our community. The department must consistently evaluate and measure the success of our intelligence-led policing capabilities and strategies. Currently the department relies heavily on analyzing the monthly statistics that are submitted to the Uniform Crime Report (UCR), along with monthly intelligence meetings

Social psychologist Amy Cuddy talked about Free Essays

As physical delivery she is perfect. Her appearance is good. Her dress is not too much fancy. We will write a custom essay sample on Social psychologist Amy Cuddy talked about or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is good thing because if it was fancy it distracts easily people attention. Even it is hard to check from camera, her eye- contact seems good. Seems like, she watch every part of the hall. As seen she is moving a little bit to maintain attention. Since we are talking about a person who is talking about body language, there is no need to talk about her gestures and posture. As expected, she shows that listen to me I know what I am talking about. Her vocal livery is good. Even if she is not singer her volume is good and she is controlling her volume perfectly. Also, her speech Is fluency even if there are some tongue slips such as when she is saying beautiful at the start. In general, her speech delivery Is perfect. Let’s move on to the audio-visual aids. At her speech she Is showing one video, lot of photos and some graphics. As known visual aids Increase the audience’s understanding. Video, photos and graphics which are used In speech are relevant to topic and also her sign posts are good. Sometimes she Is showing Just a sentence. In order word, she Is emphasizing the Important points. In addition, between two slides projector Is using as a helper. What I mean Is that while she Is not using the projector, her camera Image Is shown so people who are sit behind can see her easily. This Is very good strategy. Generally, her audio-visual aids are good. Finally, let’s move on her attention-getting techniques. As seen at start, she Is activating the audience’s Imagination. Therefore, she starts her speech with good attention. There Is one point that I am not sure about It. At close of the end, when she Is giving an example one of her students she Is getting emotional and spread this emotion to the people. Actually It Is a very good attention technique. I am not sure It was prepared or Just occurred because we are talking about a person who Is Glenn a message â€Å"fake It TTL become It†. Even If It was prepared It Is very good tactic. Too sum up, she Is know what talk about. Her delivery, visual-aids and attention- getting technique Is very good. If you curious about body language I suggest this beech. Social psychologist Amy Cuddy talked about By carmaker her volume perfectly. Also, her speech is fluency even if there are some tongue slips such as when she is saying beautiful at the start. In general, her speech delivery is Let’s move on to the audio-visual aids. At her speech she is showing one video, lot of photos and some graphics. As known visual aids increase the audience’s understanding. Video, photos and graphics which are used in speech are relevant to topic and also her sign posts are good. Sometimes she is showing Just a sentence. In order word, she is emphasizing the important points. In addition, between two slides projector is using as a helper. What I mean is that while she is not using the projector, her camera image is shown so people who are sit behind can see her easily. This is very good strategy. Generally, her audio-visual aids are good. Finally, let’s move on her attention-getting techniques. As seen at start, she is activating the audience’s imagination. Therefore, she starts her speech with good attention. There is one point that I am not sure about it. At close of the end, when she is giving an example one of her students she is getting emotional and spread this emotion to the people. Actually it is a very good attention technique. I am not sure it was prepared or Just occurred because we are talking about a person who is giving a message â€Å"fake it till become it†. Even if it was prepared it is very good tactic. Too sum up, she is know what talk about. Her delivery, visual-aids and attention- getting technique is very good. If you curious about body language I suggest this How to cite Social psychologist Amy Cuddy talked about, Papers

Extreme Estimation Uncertainty and Audit Assurance System

Question: Discuss about the Extreme Estimation Uncertainty and Audit Assurance System. Answer: Introduction: The risk associated with the audit engagement is assessed for measuring all the risks that are probable for the auditor if he accepts the engagement with a specific client. The engagement related risks are the risk of financial harm that may arise to the audit firm caused by the specific client. Before acceptance of an engagement, the auditor must find out the risk that is involved with the acceptance of the engagement and the continuity procedure susceptible from the client. While assessing the risk, the auditor must use his personal judgement and experience to measure the probability and impact of the risk. Through using the professional approach while assessing the risk, it is considered as the auditor has a questionable mind and is able to make important analysis for the facts related to audit (Uechi et al. 2015). Further the auditor must assess the risk associated with the financial records of the client as this is the most crucial segment and involves high level of risk. In the given circumstances, it is notified that MGC Ltd. Has already borrowed a large amount of loan from Westpak Bank and the bank has already put restriction on further borrowing of the company. It is clear from the circumstances that the company is experiencing financial risk and the auditor must look into the matter before acceptance of the engagement letter. Further, the auditor must contact the previous auditor to confirm whether any other risk involved with the engagement of the companys audit. Moreover, the auditor before acceptance must ask few questions related to the clients business whatever he feels necessary. He may ask for the previous years reports given by the auditors, and the communication with the creditors, investors and lenders. These will assist the auditor to get clear idea about the clients business and assessing the risk (Serban and Mladin 2014). Major financial ratio analysis Ratio Results Industry average 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 Current Ratio 1.60 1.43 1.41 2.01 2.03 2.11 Quick ratio 0.34 0.31 0.33 1.15 1.01 1.1 Debt to equity ratio 2.78 1.94 1.54 0.65 0.52 0.49 Times interest earned 2.97 1.90 9.33 4 5 6 Average collection period 39.40 33.52 25.82 32 31 30 Average payment period 102.59 91.00 104.35 30 22 22 Days to sell inventory 233.39 187.00 188.57 50 48 46 Gross profit margin 20.59 14% 21% 24 25 30 Net profit margin 2% 1% 4% 6 7.5 9.2 It is analysed from the above ratios that the areas which require specific attention are: Days to sell inventory while comparing with the industry average, it is identified that the company is not efficient in selling their inventories. The current asset of the company includes a large portion for inventories. The company must assess their product demand appropriately so that there is no overstock of inventories (Christensen, Glover and Wood 2013). Quick ratio the company does not have sufficient current asset in form of account receivable and cash. As this area is susceptible to material misstatement and fraud, the auditors must pay special attention to this regard. He shall check the vouchers, purchase ledger, sales voucher to assess the amount of receivables and cash. Average period of payment the companys average period of payment is comparatively higher than the industry average. The reason that led the company in this situation is that the amount of unpaid payments is much higher. The auditors shall thoroughly check that whether the company does not have sufficient surplus fund to pay-off the obligations or they are not taking corrective measure for paying off the dues (Blay et al. 2014). Strategies of audit for the engagement: At the primary level, that is while planning for the audit, the auditor shall prepare the overall strategies that mean how the audit will be carried out. The strategy is very crucial as it will assist in reducing the overall risk of the audit procedure. Further, the strategies are required for performing the audit in a smooth manner. The strategy shall be prepared before initiating the audit process. The strategy also assists in analysing the availability of resources and their scarcity that will have to face by the auditor during the audit process (Legoria, Melendrez and Reynolds 2013). The following must be included while planning the audit strategy: Analysis of the resources that are available and the way in which that shall be used Analysing the level of materiality Estimation of primary risk and whether it can be mitigated through internal control system Analysis of the conceptual framework of the company regarding preparation of the financial statements (Eilifsen, Hamilton and Messier 2017). Reference: Blay, A.D., Notbohm, M., Schelleman, C. and Valencia, A., 2014. Audit quality effects of an individual audit engagement partner signature mandate.International Journal of Auditing,18(3), pp.172-192. Christensen, B.E., Glover, S.M. and Wood, D.A., 2013. Extreme estimation uncertainty and audit assurance.Current Issues in Auditing,7(1), pp.P36-P42. Eilifsen, A., Hamilton, E.L. and Messier Jr, W.F., 2017. The Importance of Quantifying Uncertainty: Examining the Effect of Audit Materiality and Sensitivity Analysis Disclosures on Investors Judgments and Decisions. Legoria, J., Melendrez, K.D. and Reynolds, J.K., 2013. Qualitative audit material Serban, C. and Mladin, F., 2014. IMPORTANCE IN PLANNING AN AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.Anale. Seria ?tiin?e Economice. Timi?oara, (XX), pp.231-235. Uechi, L., Akutsu, T., Stanley, H.E., Marcus, A.J. and Kenett, D.Y., 2015. Sector dominance ratio analysis of financial markets.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,421, pp.488-509.